#!/usr/bin/env perl
# Core Modules
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use utf8;
use open ':encoding(UTF-8)';
use open ':std';
use Carp;
use Try::Tiny;
use Data::Dumper;

{
    my $name   = qr/(?<n> [^,]++ )/xms;
    my $weight = qr/(?<g> \d++   )/xms;
    my $sex    = qr/(?<s> m|w    )/xms;

    my %types = (
        hund  => qr/\A (?<t> hund )  : $name , $weight , $sex \z/xms,
        katze => qr/\A (?<t> katze ) : $name , $sex \z/xms,
    );
    
    sub get_data {
        my ( $string ) = @_;
       
        # read type
        my $type;
        if ( $string =~ m/\A ([^:]++) : /xms ) {
            $type = $1;
        }
        else {
            croak "String [$string] is probably invalid";
        }
        
        # get data from string
        if ( !exists $types{$type} ) {
            croak "Don't knew what to do with type [$type].";
        }
        
        # return data
        $string =~ $types{$type};
        return { %+ };
    }
}

my @animals = (
    "hund:bello,12,w",
    "katze:mini,m",
    "maus:Mickey,12,w",
    "muahahahaha",
);

for my $animal ( @animals ) {
    try {
        my $data = get_data($animal);
        print Dumper($data);
    }
    catch {
        warn $_;
    };
}

$VAR1 = {
          'n' => 'bello',
          'g' => '12',
          's' => 'w',
          't' => 'hund'
        };
$VAR1 = {
          'n' => 'mini',
          's' => 'm',
          't' => 'katze'
        };
Don't knew what to do with type [maus]. at ./match.pl line 60
String [muahahahaha] is probably invalid at ./match.pl line 60

maus  => qr/\A (?<t> maus )  : $name , $weight, $sex \z/xms,