perldoc -f localtime

C:\>perldoc -f localtime
    localtime EXPR
            Converts a time as returned by the time function to a 9-element
            list with the time analyzed for the local time zone. Typically
            used as follows:

                #  0    1    2     3     4    5     6     7     8
                ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) =
                                                            localtime(time);

            All list elements are numeric, and come straight out of the C
            `struct tm'. $sec, $min, and $hour are the seconds, minutes, and
            hours of the specified time. $mday is the day of the month, and
            $mon is the month itself, in the range "0..11" with 0 indicating
            January and 11 indicating December. $year is the number of years
            since 1900. That is, $year is "123" in year 2023. $wday is the
            day of the week, with 0 indicating Sunday and 3 indicating
            Wednesday. $yday is the day of the year, in the range "0..364"
            (or "0..365" in leap years.) $isdst is true if the specified
            time occurs during daylight savings time, false otherwise.

            Note that the $year element is *not* simply the last two digits
            of the year. If you assume it is, then you create
            non-Y2K-compliant programs--and you wouldn't want to do that,
            would you?

            The proper way to get a complete 4-digit year is simply:

                    $year += 1900;

            And to get the last two digits of the year (e.g., '01' in 2001)
            do:

                    $year = sprintf("%02d", $year % 100);

            If EXPR is omitted, "localtime()" uses the current time
            ("localtime(time)").

            In scalar context, "localtime()" returns the ctime(3) value:

                $now_string = localtime;  # e.g., "Thu Oct 13 04:54:34 1994"

            This scalar value is not locale dependent, see the perllocale
            manpage, but instead a Perl builtin. Also see the "Time::Local"
            module (to convert the second, minutes, hours, ... back to
            seconds since the stroke of midnight the 1st of January 1970,
            the value returned by time()), and the strftime(3) and mktime(3)
            functions available via the POSIX module. To get somewhat
            similar but locale dependent date strings, set up your locale
            environment variables appropriately (please see the perllocale
            manpage) and try for example:

                use POSIX qw(strftime);
                $now_string = strftime "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y", localtime;

            Note that the "%a" and "%b", the short forms of the day of the
            week and the month of the year, may not necessarily be three
            characters wide.


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