use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

my @strings = (
   'Die Angela "Koenigin von Berlin" Merkel ...',
   'Die Angela "Koenigin von Berlin" ...',
   'Die "Koenigin von Berlin" Merkel ...',
   'Die "Angela" Koenigin von Berlin "Merkel" ...'
);

print "--------> BEISPIEL 1\n";

# wenn du "Die Angela" ebenfalls durch Whitespaces trennen moechtest
for my $text (@strings) {
   my @result;
   for my $splitted (split /(".+?")/, $text) {
      if ($splitted =~ /^".+"$/) {
         $splitted =~ s/"//g;
         push @result, $splitted;
      } else {
         push @result, split /\s+/, $splitted;
      }
   }
   print Dumper(\@result);
}

print "\n--------> BEISPIEL 2\n";

# wenn du "Die Angela" nicht durch Whitespaces trennen moechtest
for my $text (@strings) {
   my @result;
   for my $splitted (split /(".+?")/, $text) {
      $splitted =~ s/"//g;
      push @result, $splitted;
   }
   print Dumper(\@result);
}